However, an earlier case may have occurred on 17 November. That individual did not have a connection with the later wet market cluster. The earliest known infected person fell ill on 1 December 2019. Controversies about the origins of the virus, including the lab leak theory, heightened geopolitical divisions, notably between the United States and China. The scientific consensus is that the virus is most likely of a zoonotic origin, from bats or another closely related mammal. Many early cases were linked to people who had visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market there, but it is possible that human-to-human transmission began earlier. The first known outbreak (the 2019–2020 COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China) started in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is a virus closely related to bat coronaviruses, pangolin coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV. Main articles: Origin of COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Epidemiology For country-level data, see: A more systematic naming scheme reflects the variant's PANGO lineage (e.g., Omicron's lineage is B.1.1.529) and is used for other variants. Delta began as the "Indian variant") is no longer common.
The initial practice of naming them according to where the variants were identified (e.g. WHO named variants of concern and variants of interest using Greek letters. WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained: CO for corona, VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019). WHO finalized the official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 on 11 February 2020. Wuhan, China), animal species, or groups of people in disease and virus names in part to prevent social stigma. In January 2020, the WHO recommended 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 international guidelines against using geographical locations (e.g. ĭuring the initial outbreak in Wuhan, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "the coronavirus outbreak" and the "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak", with the disease sometimes called "Wuhan pneumonia".
During the COVID-19 pandemic, as with other pandemics, the meaning of this term has been challenged. In epidemiology, a pandemic is defined as "an epidemic occurring over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people". The pandemic raised issues of racial and geographic discrimination, health equity, and the balance between public health imperatives and individual rights.įurther information: COVID-19 naming Chinese medics in Huanggang, Hubei, in 2020 Misinformation circulated through social media and mass media, and political tensions intensified.
Many white-collar workers began working from home. Educational institutions and public areas were partially or fully closed in many jurisdictions, and events were cancelled or postponed during 20. Reduced human activity led to an unprecedented decrease in pollution. Widespread supply shortages, including food shortages, were caused by supply chain disruptions and panic buying. The pandemic caused severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression. Common mitigation measures during the public health emergency included travel restrictions, lockdowns, business restrictions and closures, workplace hazard controls, mask mandates, quarantines, testing systems, and contact tracing of the infected. Treatments include novel antiviral drugs and symptom control. ĬOVID-19 vaccines were widely deployed in various countries since December 2020. Mutations have produced many strains (variants) with varying degrees of infectivity and virulence. Transmission of the virus is often through airborne particles. As of 5 October 2023, the pandemic had caused 771,150,460 cases and 6,960,770 confirmed deaths, ranking it fifth in the deadliest epidemics and pandemics in history.ĬOVID-19 symptoms range from asymptomatic to deadly, but most commonly include fever, nocturnal cough, and fatigue. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide in 2020. The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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